słuchać / słyszeć
Słyszała, co mówiłem, ale chyba nie słuchała mnie uważnie (She heard what I was saying, but she rather wasn't listening carefully). (past tense)
dotknąć - dotykać (imperfective aspect)/ poczuć - czuć (imperfective aspect)
Dotykam kamienia i czuję jego tysiącletni chłód (I'm touching the stone and I (can) feel/sense its thousand years' cold)
czuć (to feel/sense), often with the reflexive pronoun się [oneself] shares also many nuances of meaning of the word feel in English - not only about palpable things - what you touch, but also about:
physical conditions - I feel exhausted = Czuję się wykończony,
I feel sick = Źle się czuję (only in the medical sense of this expression, when you feel unwell/unhealthy),
perceiving your situation - I feel conned = Czuję się oszukany,
emotions - to feel pleasure = odczuwać przyjemność,
I feel regret = Czuję żal.
czuć in Polish also is used for olfaction (to smell something)
Poczułem dym - I smelt [smelled] smoke
Czuję silny zapach - I can smell a strong odour/scent.
When you want to say that something smells (= is emiting an odour) you have to use other verbs:
pachnieć (neutral or nice)
śmierdzieć (foul smell, stink)
The flowers smelt great - Kwiaty pięknie pachniały
This room smells odd - Pokój dziwnie pachnie (odd, but it's not stinky, just strange)
The pipes stinked/smelt badly - Śmierdziało z rur.
When you describe a voluntary action of recongizing/learning/memorizing an odour, you have to use the verb wachąć / powąchać:
The police dog approach the suitcased, smelt / sniffed [or is it "snuff" in the past tense?] it and started barking.
Pies policyjny podszedł do walizki, powąchał ją i zaczął szczekać.
to taste - smakować, but mostly used as an intransite verb (the food tastes good - jedzenie dobrze smakuje)
This tastes like chicken = Smakuje jak kurczak/
In other situations it's often replaced with different verbs:
próbować / spróbować (literally "to try / to sample", but not in all contexts - for clothes, you'd say "Where can I try this dress on?" = "Gdzie mogę przymierzyć sukienkę?")
Would you like a taste of this wine? - Chciałbyś spróbować (more common) / posmakować (less common) tego wina?
I tasted a little cinnamon in the cake. Poczułem trochę cynamonu w cieście (so literally "I felt a little cinnamon in the cake")
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the sense of smell is called węch
sight (vision, visual sense) is wzrok
hearing (audition, auditory sense, sense of hearing) is słuch
sense of touch is dotyk
taste (gustation, sense of taste) is smak (also used in figurative meanings, but often replaced with "gust")
he really has a bad taste - on ma naprawdę zły smak / gust
a joke in bad taste - niesmaczny dowcip (literally "untasteful" joke)
6th sense = szósty zmysł
intuition = intuicja
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