The names of different species of livestock and wildlife often fcuntioned as nickanmes given to commoners, esp. peasants. They were usually associated with those creatures, but in some cases may have been though to resemble them in some way. In time, they evolved into normal surnames passed down from father to son. Some typical examples: BARAN ram, KOZA goat, BYK bull, KUR cock, KOBYŁA mare, KOZIOŁ billy goat, WRÓBEL sparrow, KRUK raven, WRONA crow, KAWA jackdaw, SKOWRON, skylark, CZAPLA heron, DZIĘCIOŁ woodpecker, PRZEPIÓRA quail, RUDZIK robin, GAWRON rook, SROKA magpie, DUDEK hoopoe, SIKORA coaltit, JARZˇBEK grouse, KACZOR drake, GˇSIOR gander, LABĘD¬ swan, ZAJˇC hare, WIEWIÓRA squirrel, ŻABA frog, RYBA fish, KARA¦ crucean, KARP carp, LESZCZ bream, SZCZUKA pike, MUCHA fly, BˇK horsefly, PAJˇK spider, ROBAK worm, KOMAR mosquito, MRÓWKA ant, PSZCZOŁA bee, TRZMIEL bumblebee, SZERSZEŃ hornet, MYSZKA mouse, SZCZUR rat, KRET mole, JEŻ hedgehog, LIS fox, WILK wolf, BORSUK badger, KUNA marten, TCHÓRZ polecat and many, many more......
For more info on the above and other Polish surnames contact: polonius3@gazeta.pl
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