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Apr 14, 08, 21:10 #3
I'm not sure you're using the term "imperative" correctly in your questions. Do you really mean the imperative mode (used mostly for commands "do it, please", "don't smoke in this room!") or something else?
1. In the dictionary, there is no imperative, future simp. form of "wiedzieć" (and some other verbs too). Would it be correct to say "będę wiedzieć"?
Yes, "być + infinitive (of an imperfective verb)" = future tense
(for perfective verbs a form derivated from the verb's stem is used, without the auxiliary "być"), other possibility, still only for imperfective verbs, is "będę wiedział(-a)" (with the past tense form instead of the infinitive, but it's more complicated for foreigners, because you have to use the correct gender - masculine or feminine - in this construction, so the first option is easier)
2. Is the difference between "iść" and "jechać" "to go" and "to go by__"?
"to go" functions in Polish both as iść or jechać, the difference is that we use "iść" when the movement is on foot, "jechać" - by mechanical means. In fixed expressions (like "to go to school/work" "iść/chodzić" is used)
3. Aside from the future simp. tense, is prefix "po-" added to [some] verbs when a command is being given? ex: posłuchaj.
These are actually 2 different verbs (słuchać and posłuchać), I can't say why "posłuchaj" or "popatrz" are more often used for commands, maybe because they sound more polite?
4. The imperative, present form congegations of "zobaczyć."
I can't answer this, I don't understand the word "congegations" in your question.
5. Does Polish have reflexive verbs/what are some examples? Are reflexive pronouns needed?
Yes, we have reflexive verbs, but unlike French, Italian, Spanish, German, Scandinavian languages, there is only one reflexive pronoun needed for all instances, it's always "się"
myć - to wash
myć się - to wash oneself ("se laver", if you speak French)
so it's:
Myję się
Myjesz się
Myje się
Myjemy się
Myjecie się
Myją się
sometimes (like in other languages) the reflexive verb has significantly different meaning than the non-reflexive one, for example:
uczyć = to teach
uczyć się = to learn
The reflexive pronoun "się" appears also instead of the direct object when the subject and the direct object are the same. Structurally it seems like a reflexive verb, but semantically it's a little different.
6. Quote: "In imperfect form, an unfinished activity is indicated, and finished activity is signified by the perfect verb twin..." my question is why is "nauczyć" in its perfect form if it means "to teach to..." Does the prefix "na-" morph "uczyć" into past tense and therefore the action of teaching would have already been completed?
The problem with perfective/imperfective aspect lies in the fact that they don't described finished/unfinished activities (for this you simply use tenses, Past, Present or Future), but rather the complete/incomplete status of the activity, hence the more accurate reference in English are the Simple/Continouos forms of a verb.
Uczyłem się angielskiego przez 2 lata - I was studying English for 2 years (but I still don't speak it well, so the activity is incomplete, although it's finished, because I stopped learning after that 2 years period)
Uczę się angielskiego od 2 lat - I've studied English for 2 years (and am still doing it, action incomplete and unfinished)
Nauczyłem się angielskiego w 2 lata - I learnt English in 2 years (I speak it well, so the activity is complete)
Muszę nauczyć się angielskiego, zanim wyjadę do Nowej Zelandii - I have to learn English before I leave for New Zealand (I have to speak it well by the time of my deprature, so the activity will be complete, although it's refering to the future).
The imperfective/perfective aspects have been discussed here in several threads, recently, a few months ago and probably also earlier (before I joined the forums), so you could search for some older threads and maybe find some useful informations there.
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